How To Make Yogurt at Home

My mother has been making excellent homemade yogurt for decades now, but I never really took the time to observe her when she did it, so I myself had no idea what to do. The day after Thanksgiving, I asked my mother how she does it.  She very graciously agreed to show me.

Boiling milk
(If you want to avoid a crust forming, stir constantly.)

Ingredients:

milk, plain yogurt for starter




Instructions.

My mother pours the milk into the bowl containing yogurt starter

1. Take milk, of whatever quantity you choose, and boil it.
2, Allow the milk to cool back down to room temperature.
3. If there is a crust formed, remove it.
4. Add one teaspoon of plain store bought yogurt for every cup of milk you boiled. This will be your yogurt starter, as it contains a live culture.
5. Stir the yogurt tablespoons into the milk until it is all as homogeneous as possible.
6. Pour the mixture into glass cups of individual serving size.
7. Place in a warm spot for eight hours. (For us, the warm place was the oven, periodically warmed just  a little, but not enough to actually bake anything. But in the summer you could achieve the same result by placing the cups in a hot car parked outside.)
8. Chill the yogurt in the refrigerator before serving. 

The finished product

This kind of yogurt is called לבן (leben) in Hebrew. It is not sweet at all and has a nice, slightly  tart taste.

Of course, you could add fresh fruit for a very special dessert. But we like it plain.

Let your family taste the yogurt and see what they think!

Low Prep Time Family Meals

One of the things that we do in order to socialize a chimpanzee in an ape language experiment is that we have regular family meals together. We used to do that while all of us were seated at the big dining table, the children and the adults, the humans and the chimp. But back then I had interns who watched Bow while I cooked, and we were able to engage in elaborate rituals, such as games to see who would finish their vegetables first. We don't do it quite that way anymore, because Bow is confined to the pens, both the little ones are now teens, and there are no interns to watch Bow while I cook.

Other families used to have regular family meals together that now do not, too. I hear there is a national crisis.

http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2014/07/the-importance-of-eating-together/374256/

Eating together has become a luxury of the high bourgeoisie that is unavailbe to lesser burghers, according to the above linked article from The Atlantic. 

In America, it seems snobbish to take time to eat good food with one’s family. The Norman Rockwell portrait of the family around the dinner table now seems less middle-class and more haute bourgeois, as many families can’t afford to have one parent stay home from work, spending his or her day cleaning and cooking a roast and side of potatoes for the spouse and kids. Most parents don’t have time to cook, many don’t even know how, and the idea that one should spend extra money and time picking up produce at the supermarket rather than grabbing a bucket of Chinese take-out can seem unfeasible, unnecessary, and slightly pretentious. It’s understandable to want to save time and money. It’s the same reason that small shops go out of business once Walmart moves into town; but in this case it is not the shop owner who suffers, it is the consumer of unhealthy and rushed meals.

I never gave up on the family meals, even when we had to move into the pens. At first, I relied greatly on baked chicken, of the Cornish hen variety, because there was virtually no prep time. Sweet potatoes and the hen went into the oven at three and were served promptly at five. It was homemade, it required no actual prep work, and it meant we had our home-cooked meal.

But certain very vocal members of the household complained about the monotony of the thing, so I had to branch out. One of my current standby meals is the pork and onion and potato in a skillet dish. I manage it with very low prep time, because the oil heats while I chop the onion. Then the onion fries while I chop the potatoes. Then the potatoes and onions are cooking while I chop the pork chops into smaller bits.  Then I add lemon juice, so that the final part of the cooking includes a bit of steaming.

I learned about adding water to food frying in a skillet to create a steam effect from my college friend Revathi a long time ago. This use of the lemon juice is about the same, only it adds flavor, too.

Because the  vegetables take longer to cook, I let them cook first, and I spend absolutely no time on preparing something when something else is not cooking. Therefore, to my way of thinking, there is no prep time involved with this dish. There is just the time that it takes to cook. And because everything is chopped into smaller morsels, it cooks faster. So the whole thing takes about fifteen minutes from start to finish.

Ingredients to serve two at lunch: One large onion, two small potatoes and two breakfast pork chops, lemon juice.

Directions: Heat oil while chopping onion. Chop potatoes while frying onion bits. Add potato slices to fry mix, while chopping pork chops. Add chopped pork to the mix and keep frying. Add lemon juice and keep cooking till pork bits look done. (About fifteen minutes.)

The result is a meal that Bow gets to watch me make from the interior of the pens, and that he is glad to eat in my company, in a ceremony of communal living. It is part of the way that he has been socialized that meals are a time of togetherness. I don't want Bow to ever end up in a place where food is simply thrown at him and he is expected to eat it like an animal. That's not how Bow was brought up, and whatever happens to him in life, I want him to remember our family dinners and to keep up the tradition with his own family, once he starts one.

 This is ultimately the hope of every parent: that something will stick, not because of anything we have said, but because of the example that we have shown them and the fellowship that we have shared.

Imperfect Peaches

This year, the peach harvest is a bit patchy, as our trees have been beset by many insects, including Japanese beetles.

Despite this, we have had a number of peaches ripen.

Peaches and pears gathered today

When the peaches are marred by unsightly pock marks, I wash them and cut them into small edible slices.

Two large peaches can make enough dessert for three.

The slices are then distributed among three glass cups ...

        ... and topped with whipped cream.

We all enjoyed our peaches and cream today.

Nobody complained about the fruit's imperfections.

Will It Taste Just As Good Without the Parchment Paper?

Some of the Ingredients for the Best Homemade Brownie Recipe

If you have a child in high school choir, you will find yourself occasionally drafted into a baking project. Every time there is a concert, your child will need to not only be able to sing well, she will also need to be properly attired and bring a home-baked item for the bake sale. There are no exceptions.

Last time I baked brownies from this recipe:

http://www.thevintagemixer.com/2013/02/best-homemade-brownie-recipe/

Things turned out very well, so I was asked to bake the same brownies this time. The only problem: I can't seem to find any more parchment paper. I looked all over WalMart last night, both in the section with baking mixes and flour and baking soda, and in the other part of the store where they sell baking pans and other cooking paraphernalia. Last time, I already had parchment paper in my kitchen drawer from some other long forgotten project. But now I have none, and I am wondering how much that matters. After all, it's not an actual ingredient of the brownies. You're not supposed to eat it!

Last time the big hold up was the high fat butter. I could not find it anywhere, so I ended up using regular Land O'Lakes sweet butter.  The Land O'Lakes butter has 11 grams of fat in each tablespoom. All the calories in butter come from fat, because that's what butter is: milk fat. However, not all butter you buy in the store is the same.

This time, I have two other kinds of butter to choose from: Clearly Organic and KerryGold. Like the Land O'Lakes butter, Clearly Organic also contains 11 grams per tablespoon. But KerryGold, imported from Ireland, is slightly different.

Kerrygold contains 12 grams per tablespoon.

Now the real question for me is: what else does the butter contain besides fat?  Because there are 14 grams in every tablespoon and only 12 of those grams come from fat. The answer, I think, has to be water, because water has no caloric value, and all the calories in the butter come from fat. But if you look at where the ingredients are listed on the package of Kerrygold, the only ingredient listed is "cultured, pasteurized cream." They don't list the culture, the way some yogurts do, and they do not break the cream down into its chemical ingredients, which would probably be something like milk fat and water. And then, for the sake of people who don't know what cream is, we are told explicitly "contains milk."

On the very back of the Kerrygold package, it says; "In Ireland, cows graze on the pastures of small family farms. This milk is churned to make Kerrygold butter." So presumably, the extra water in the butter over and above the fat is water found naturally in the cow's milk.

This makes me reflect on whether the American butter also only contains water from the milk of cows, or whether their butter has been watered down in other ways. For instance, what on earth do they mean when they say: "Ingredients: sweet cream, natural flavoring" ? Did they put something in the cream to flavor it? If not, why did they need to say that?

Sometimes people from the FDA object to certain foods because they contain "too many calories" or "too much fat." But keep in mind, the primary reason for eating food is for the calories, and one type of calorie humans cannot live without is fat. You can choose to eat more or less of any food. But if you paid for 14 grams worth of food, wouldn't it be good to get as many calories per gram as possible, simply from an economic standpoint? Shipping water all the way from Ireland seems silly. Even shipping it from the neighboring state is not economical. You can use more or less butter in your recipe. But the consumer never gets any benefit from the producer watering down the product. Products rich in nutrients cost more because they are worth more per gram.  And all those labels screaming "Low fat!" or "Low Calorie!" on the grocery store aisle might as well be saying: "Less food for your money!"

I am planning to use the Kerrygold butter to bake the brownies this afternoon. I am hoping that the absence of parchment paper from my list of ingredients will not in any way affect the flavor or the nutritional value of the brownies, although it might have a slight impact on the presentation.

The Problem with Labels

The other day, when I was shopping as quickly as I could -- I pay dearly for every hour I am away from Bow, so I try to make good use of the time -- I picked up a bag of what I thought was shredded cheese at a good price, and I made a mental note of how I planned to use it. Variety in snacks is highly prized at my house, so I remembered that I had some tortillas at home and was getting some spaghetti sauce and some pepperoni, and I decided I could use all these ingredients together to make a quick pizza-like snack. No, it would not be as good as real pizza, but I thought the cheese, freshly melted, would give it some real value. It would be a standby that week, instead of the usual tagini and burritos.

Executing my plan at home.  I brushed some oil onto the tortillas, spread spaghetti sauce on top of that, then the shredded cheese, and for those who like pepperoni, added that on top. My oven was set to 400 degrees. I left the tortillas there for over ten minutes and checked to see if the cheese had melted. It hadn't. I left them there for another ten minutes. The cheese had still not melted.

The whole point of this was to get a quick snack. "Something must be wrong with my oven," I thought. So I took one of the tortillas and heated it up in the microwave for five minutes. The cheese still did not melt! Could both my oven and the microwave have gone on the fritz at the same time? I had made a roast the night before and there had been no problem. 

We ate the snack, but it wasn't very good and certain among us did not finish it. 

Then later I took a really good look at the label. It was not cheese. 

It was, instead "Fancy Shredded Monterey Jack Style Shreds." Now how do you parse that? Was it shredded shreds? Shreds of what? Shreds of Style?

When I was in  a hurry, if I read anything, it was probably this part "Fancy Shredded Monterey Jack" and I assumed it was cheese. Never assume!

But as a linguist, now that I see what it really says, I still wonder how to parse that:

       Is it   [[Fancy [shredded [Monterey Jack]] [Style Shreds]], meaning it is style shreds of Monterey Jack which happens to be fancy and shredded? So basically shreds of style?

        Is it   [Fancy [shredded [[Monterey Jack] Style] Shreds]], meaning that it is shreds in the style of Monterey Jack which have been shredded and these shredded shreds are fancy? In which case, it does not say shreds of what, but whatever it is, it's in the style of Monterey Jack and in addition it is shredded and fancy?

 There are a few other ways it could be parsed, but I leave you to work them out. The fact is that the top label was very confusing even when I read it carefully, and it was only after I had read the ingredients that I came to the sad conclusion there was no cheese in this product.There was some whey and some lactic acid, so there were dairy products in there, but it was probably not cheese, because the fat in this product was not derived from cream or milk. The main ingredient besides water and starch was soybean oil. 

But this is confusing, and in order to make sure it is really not cheese, one would actually need to know what cheese is. Many of us are a little fuzzy on the concept, so one way to find out would be to compare the ingredients here to those in a product that is basically cheese.

Above is a picture of a Monterey Jack cheese label. Notice the word cheese is used, but it's still kind of confusing, as the "sliced Golden Natural Cheese" seems to modify the words Monterey Jack. The ingredients seem simpler than those of the shreds: Pasteurized milk, kosher enzyme, culture, salt, natural coloring. But is this real Monterey Jack? What is the coloring and the emphasis on it being golden?

Here below is a link to a recipe for how to make Monterey Jack:

http://www.gourmetsleuth.com/recipes/detail/how-to-make-monterey-jack-cheese

I looked at the recipe, not because I am planning to make Monterey Jack myself, but because I wanted to know what is normally found in that cheese. This recipe calls for cream.  Is the Moneterey Jack it describes more "real" or "authentic" than the one in the package above?

Most consumers, myself included, don't think about the ingredients of cheese when they are looking for cheese. Cheese is an indivisible whole, a basic concept in food. We just want the label to tell us whether it is cheese or not. And that's exactly what the label will not say. It is being coy.

Yes, I know it is important to read all the ingredients. It took me several years of chewing aspartame-laced gum to find out that even though I was carefully buying the kind that had sugar in it, they had slipped aspartame into all the normal gum products of the main brands, not just those which were marked sugar-free.

And recently I heard that they changed the name of aspartame to aminosweet in 2009.  High fructose corn syrup, also much maligned, almost changed its name to "corn sugar", 

I don't think that the real solution to food substitutions -- soy for milk-fat, high fructose corn syrup  for cane sugar or molasses, GMO for natural produce and the like -- can be resolved by labeling, because labels are hard to read and can be very misleading. If you lobby the Federal agencies in charge of labeling, you can end up with a new name for the same product every few years. I would not trust the government to keep our food pure or even to help us find out what is in it. 

I think the best way to find out what is in a food is to talk to the person who made it. Which is why I favor a free market that allows consumers to buy directly from the farmer, the local dairy or the baker. It's better to buy food from the people who grew it and made it, if you do not have the time to grow or make it yourself. The real issue is trust. I think a real person would tell you if the cheese he made was real or fake, He would not try to push it on you as fancy shredded shreds of nothing in particular.

Eggs Baked in Muffin Cups

I got the idea for baking eggs in a muffin pan from something I saw on the internet. My contribution was to also use a paper muffin cup and to separate out the whites and the yolks.

The larger ones are blueberry muffins, and in the center there is one whole egg, and another egg divided into yolk and white.

I was planning to bake blueberry muffins anyway, in the larger muffin pan, so I decided to use the smaller pan for the eggs.

The Full Egg

The muffins were done much sooner than the eggs, despite being larger. I allowed the eggs to overcook a little, because I did not want any part to remain raw.

The Egg Yolk

The separated eggs were a little overdone, as they were smaller than the whole eggs.

The Egg White

My daughter likes the whole egg. I am allergic to the egg white, which consists mostly of protein, but I can eat the egg yolk, which also contains fat. Nobody in our house likes egg white in particular, but if you know someone who is afraid of adding fat into the diet, the egg white is something they might like. I remember that on the show Gilmore Girls, the comical character of Michel, who was constantly watching his diet and who went with the latest fads, was often seen asking for an egg white omelet. If you have someone like that in your life, you can give the egg white to him. In our house, we give them to the dogs, who will eat anything. That way, nothing goes to waste.

The eggs separate easily from the muffin cups, and there is no mess to clean, in the pan or on the plate. You can even eat them without a plate or utensils in the great outdoors, because these are eggs that will not run!